Focus on Energy: Preparing Elementary Teachers to Meet the NGSS Challenge
An innovative approach for teaching and learning about energy in grades 4-5.
Lead Staff:
Sara LacyProject Staff:
Sally CrissmanNon-AV巴士 InvestigatorsNick Haddad
Summary* The Focus on Energy curriculum and resources can still be downloaded for free here.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Framework for K-12 Science Education lay out an ambitious progression for learning about energy, beginning in elementary school. To help the nation鈥檚 teachers address the NGSS challenge, The Focus on Energy Project brought together research, curriculum, assessment, and professional development in one coherent system.
The Focus on Energy curriculum used an innovative approach for teaching and learning about energy in grades 4-5. Students used a set of energy tracking questions and representations to reason about energy. As they engaged in firsthand activities, students learned to construct coherent explanations of energy flow in contexts ranging from ball collisions to solar panels.
The Focus on Energy curriculum was supported by teacher professional learning, online resources, and formative and summative assessments. Focus on Energy built on the prior exploratory research project, Rethinking How to Teach Energy: Laying the Foundations in Elementary School.

Research ActivityThe Focus on Energy Project asked:
- Teacher learning: What are the characteristics of experiences, resources, and supports that help elementary teachers learn the energy ideas, practices, and pedagogy that they will use in their classrooms?
- Student learning: What are characteristics of experiences and resources that support students鈥 use of representations and energy reasoning to develop and refine models that describe energy forms and flows associated with everyday phenomena?
Videos from on .
Additional Publications
Authors: Sara J. Lacy, Roger G. Tobin, Sally Crissman, Lezlie DeWater, Kara E. Gray, Nick Haddad, James K. L. Hammerman, and Lane Seeley
Science Education, September, 2021
Show More
Show Less
Authors: R. G. Tobin, Sara J. Lacy, and Sally Crissman
Physical Review Physics Education Research, May, 2023
Available to download as a pdf
Robertson, A. D., Seeley, L., Wentink, O. T., & Vokos, S. (2019). American Journal of Physics, (Vol. 87(1), pp. 57-68).
Gray, K., & Scherr, R. (2016, July). 2016 Physics Education Research Conference. (pp. 128-131).
D. Robertson (2015, July). 2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, (pp. 275-278).
PostersLacy, S., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N. (2018, June). . Retrieved from .
Show More
Show Less
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Lacy, S., Crissman, S., Haddad, N., Miller, L., Tobin, R., Brown, N. S., Vokos, S., DeWater, L., Gray, K., Robinson, A., Scherr, R., Seeley, L., and Minstrell, J. (2016, May). collaborative research). Community for Advancing Discovery Research in Education (CADRE).
PresentationsRoger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Lane Seeley, and Kara Gray, 鈥淲here Does Energy Go when it鈥檚 鈥済one鈥? Promoting Understanding of Energy Dissipation.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Show More
Show Less
Lacy, S.J., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., DeWater, L., Nave, B., Russell, M., and Seeley, L., 鈥淎ssessing the impact of NGSS-aligned resources to address elementary energy standards.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Tobin, R., Lacy, S.J., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., 鈥淭elling the Energy Story: Preliminary Results from Grades 4 and 5.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2018.
Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Roger Tobin, 鈥淒esigning for model-based learning about energy,鈥 ISDDE Annual Conference, Berkeley, California, Nov. 7-9, 2017.
Hands On! ArticleGetting a Grip on Energy
Feature // By Sally Crissman, Sara Lacy, Roger Tobin, and Nick Haddad
Nick Haddad
* The Focus on Energy curriculum and resources can still be downloaded for free here.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Framework for K-12 Science Education lay out an ambitious progression for learning about energy, beginning in elementary school. To help the nation鈥檚 teachers address the NGSS challenge, The Focus on Energy Project brought together research, curriculum, assessment, and professional development in one coherent system.
The Focus on Energy curriculum used an innovative approach for teaching and learning about energy in grades 4-5. Students used a set of energy tracking questions and representations to reason about energy. As they engaged in firsthand activities, students learned to construct coherent explanations of energy flow in contexts ranging from ball collisions to solar panels.
The Focus on Energy curriculum was supported by teacher professional learning, online resources, and formative and summative assessments. Focus on Energy built on the prior exploratory research project, Rethinking How to Teach Energy: Laying the Foundations in Elementary School.

Research ActivityThe Focus on Energy Project asked:
- Teacher learning: What are the characteristics of experiences, resources, and supports that help elementary teachers learn the energy ideas, practices, and pedagogy that they will use in their classrooms?
- Student learning: What are characteristics of experiences and resources that support students鈥 use of representations and energy reasoning to develop and refine models that describe energy forms and flows associated with everyday phenomena?
Videos from on .
Additional Publications
Authors: Sara J. Lacy, Roger G. Tobin, Sally Crissman, Lezlie DeWater, Kara E. Gray, Nick Haddad, James K. L. Hammerman, and Lane Seeley
Science Education, September, 2021
Show More
Show Less
Authors: R. G. Tobin, Sara J. Lacy, and Sally Crissman
Physical Review Physics Education Research, May, 2023
Available to download as a pdf
Robertson, A. D., Seeley, L., Wentink, O. T., & Vokos, S. (2019). American Journal of Physics, (Vol. 87(1), pp. 57-68).
Gray, K., & Scherr, R. (2016, July). 2016 Physics Education Research Conference. (pp. 128-131).
D. Robertson (2015, July). 2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, (pp. 275-278).
PostersLacy, S., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N. (2018, June). . Retrieved from .
Show More
Show Less
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Lacy, S., Crissman, S., Haddad, N., Miller, L., Tobin, R., Brown, N. S., Vokos, S., DeWater, L., Gray, K., Robinson, A., Scherr, R., Seeley, L., and Minstrell, J. (2016, May). collaborative research). Community for Advancing Discovery Research in Education (CADRE).
PresentationsRoger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Lane Seeley, and Kara Gray, 鈥淲here Does Energy Go when it鈥檚 鈥済one鈥? Promoting Understanding of Energy Dissipation.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Show More
Show Less
Lacy, S.J., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., DeWater, L., Nave, B., Russell, M., and Seeley, L., 鈥淎ssessing the impact of NGSS-aligned resources to address elementary energy standards.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Tobin, R., Lacy, S.J., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., 鈥淭elling the Energy Story: Preliminary Results from Grades 4 and 5.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2018.
Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Roger Tobin, 鈥淒esigning for model-based learning about energy,鈥 ISDDE Annual Conference, Berkeley, California, Nov. 7-9, 2017.
Hands On! ArticleGetting a Grip on Energy
Feature // By Sally Crissman, Sara Lacy, Roger Tobin, and Nick Haddad
The Focus on Energy Project asked:
- Teacher learning: What are the characteristics of experiences, resources, and supports that help elementary teachers learn the energy ideas, practices, and pedagogy that they will use in their classrooms?
- Student learning: What are characteristics of experiences and resources that support students鈥 use of representations and energy reasoning to develop and refine models that describe energy forms and flows associated with everyday phenomena?
from on .
Additional Publications
Authors: Sara J. Lacy, Roger G. Tobin, Sally Crissman, Lezlie DeWater, Kara E. Gray, Nick Haddad, James K. L. Hammerman, and Lane Seeley
Science Education, September, 2021
Show More
Show Less
Authors: R. G. Tobin, Sara J. Lacy, and Sally Crissman
Physical Review Physics Education Research, May, 2023
Available to download as a pdf
Robertson, A. D., Seeley, L., Wentink, O. T., & Vokos, S. (2019). American Journal of Physics, (Vol. 87(1), pp. 57-68).
Gray, K., & Scherr, R. (2016, July). 2016 Physics Education Research Conference. (pp. 128-131).
D. Robertson (2015, July). 2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, (pp. 275-278).
PostersLacy, S., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N. (2018, June). . Retrieved from .
Show More
Show Less
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Lacy, S., Crissman, S., Haddad, N., Miller, L., Tobin, R., Brown, N. S., Vokos, S., DeWater, L., Gray, K., Robinson, A., Scherr, R., Seeley, L., and Minstrell, J. (2016, May). collaborative research). Community for Advancing Discovery Research in Education (CADRE).
PresentationsRoger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Lane Seeley, and Kara Gray, 鈥淲here Does Energy Go when it鈥檚 鈥済one鈥? Promoting Understanding of Energy Dissipation.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Show More
Show Less
Lacy, S.J., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., DeWater, L., Nave, B., Russell, M., and Seeley, L., 鈥淎ssessing the impact of NGSS-aligned resources to address elementary energy standards.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Tobin, R., Lacy, S.J., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., 鈥淭elling the Energy Story: Preliminary Results from Grades 4 and 5.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2018.
Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Roger Tobin, 鈥淒esigning for model-based learning about energy,鈥 ISDDE Annual Conference, Berkeley, California, Nov. 7-9, 2017.
Hands On! ArticleGetting a Grip on Energy
Feature // By Sally Crissman, Sara Lacy, Roger Tobin, and Nick Haddad
Authors: Sara J. Lacy, Roger G. Tobin, Sally Crissman, Lezlie DeWater, Kara E. Gray, Nick Haddad, James K. L. Hammerman, and Lane Seeley
Science Education, September, 2021
Authors: R. G. Tobin, Sara J. Lacy, and Sally Crissman
Physical Review Physics Education Research, May, 2023
Available to download as a pdf
Robertson, A. D., Seeley, L., Wentink, O. T., & Vokos, S. (2019). American Journal of Physics, (Vol. 87(1), pp. 57-68).
Gray, K., & Scherr, R. (2016, July). 2016 Physics Education Research Conference. (pp. 128-131).
D. Robertson (2015, July). 2015 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, (pp. 275-278).
Lacy, S., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N. (2018, June). . Retrieved from .
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Lacy, S., Crissman, S., Haddad, N., Miller, L., Tobin, R., Brown, N. S., Vokos, S., DeWater, L., Gray, K., Robinson, A., Scherr, R., Seeley, L., and Minstrell, J. (2016, May). collaborative research). Community for Advancing Discovery Research in Education (CADRE).
PresentationsRoger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Lane Seeley, and Kara Gray, 鈥淲here Does Energy Go when it鈥檚 鈥済one鈥? Promoting Understanding of Energy Dissipation.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Show More
Show Less
Lacy, S.J., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., DeWater, L., Nave, B., Russell, M., and Seeley, L., 鈥淎ssessing the impact of NGSS-aligned resources to address elementary energy standards.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Tobin, R., Lacy, S.J., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., 鈥淭elling the Energy Story: Preliminary Results from Grades 4 and 5.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2018.
Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Roger Tobin, 鈥淒esigning for model-based learning about energy,鈥 ISDDE Annual Conference, Berkeley, California, Nov. 7-9, 2017.
Hands On! ArticleGetting a Grip on Energy
Feature // By Sally Crissman, Sara Lacy, Roger Tobin, and Nick Haddad
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Lane Seeley, and Kara Gray, 鈥淲here Does Energy Go when it鈥檚 鈥済one鈥? Promoting Understanding of Energy Dissipation.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Lacy, S.J., Tobin, R., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., DeWater, L., Nave, B., Russell, M., and Seeley, L., 鈥淎ssessing the impact of NGSS-aligned resources to address elementary energy standards.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2019.
Roger Tobin, Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, 鈥淢odel-based Energy Reasoning for Children of All Ages,鈥 Poster presented at the Gordon Conference on Physics Research and Education, Smithfield, RI, June 10-15, 2018.
Tobin, R., Lacy, S.J., Crissman, S., and Haddad, N., 鈥淭elling the Energy Story: Preliminary Results from Grades 4 and 5.鈥 NARST Annual International Conference, April 2018.
Sara Lacy, Sally Crissman, Nick Haddad, Roger Tobin, 鈥淒esigning for model-based learning about energy,鈥 ISDDE Annual Conference, Berkeley, California, Nov. 7-9, 2017.
Getting a Grip on Energy
Feature // By Sally Crissman, Sara Lacy, Roger Tobin, and Nick Haddad
Funder:
Award Number:
#1418052 (AV巴士) and #1418211 (Seattle Pacific University)
9/2014 鈥 2020
Past ProjectThis project is no longer active. To see a list of current projects,聽please click here.
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